Total 59 of these sites are excavated while others are studied from artifacts. Islam in India [175], Shrimad Rajchandra Vachnamrut and Shri Atma Siddhi Shastra, written in 19th century by Jain philosopher and poet Shrimad Rajchandra (Mahatma Gandhi's guru) are very well known.[176][177]. Wikipedia [216][217] Jadunath Sarkar contends that several Muslim invaders were waging a systematic jihad against Hindus in India to the effect that "Every device short of massacre in cold blood was resorted to in order to convert heathen subjects". DD National and DD Girnar available. In 16th century manuscripts, there is an apocryphal story of a merchant of King Gondophares landing in Gujarat with Apostle Thomas. [1], Other major languages, according to the 2001 census, are Bhili (4.8%), Hindi (4.7%, includes speakers of the Rajasthani varieties), Sindhi (1.9%, includes figures for Kutchi), Marathi (1.5%) and Urdu (1.1%).[126]. The literacy rate of Tripura in 2011 was 87.75%, higher than the national average 74.04%, and third best among all the states. The above laws are also not applicable to Muslims throughout India who had civil marriages under the Special Marriage Act, 1954. Almost 88% of the Gujarati Muslims speak Gujarati as their mother tongue, whilst the other 12% speak Urdu. Islam is India's second-largest religion,[5] with 14.2% of the country's population, approximately 172.2 million people identifying as adherents of Islam in 2011 Census. ISR campus is at Raisan, Gandhinagar, in a sprawling and picturesque[clarification needed] area on the banks of Sabarmati river. [3] The Sultanate of Gujarat remained independent until 1576, when the Mughal emperor Akbar conquered it and annexed it to the Mughal Empire as a province. [136] Nearly 100% of Gujarat's 18,000 villages have been connected to the electrical grid for 24-hour power to households and eight hours of power to farms, through the Jyotigram Yojana. The literacy rate of Tripura in 2011 was 87.75%, higher than the national average 74.04%, and third best among all the states. [86] Law and order had broken down many times before Partition with much bloodshed on both sides. The slums of Bhuj are inhabited primarily by Muslims, Dalits and other minorities. [193], The progenitor of the Sinhala language is believed to have been Prince Vijaya, son of King Simhabahu, who ruled Simhapura (modern-day Sihor near Bhavnagar). [86], Hence, the sultans of Gujarat possessed ample means to sustain lavish patronage of religion and the arts, to build madrasas and naqhs, and to provide douceurs for the literati, mainly poets and historians, whose presence and praise enhanced the fame of the dynasty. Maitrakas set up a university which came to be known far and wide for its scholastic pursuits and was compared with the famous Nalanda university. [20], Bharuch was the major port town of Iron Age. Wildlife sanctuaries include Wild Ass Wildlife Sanctuary, Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary, Porbandar Bird Sanctuary, Kutch Desert Wildlife Sanctuary, Kutch Bustard Sanctuary, Narayan Sarovar Sanctuary, Jessore Sloth Bear Sanctuary, Anjal, Balaram-Ambaji, Barda, Jambughoda, Khavda, Paniya, Purna, Rampura, Ratan Mahal, and Surpaneshwar. Disputers of the "conversion by the sword theory" point to the presence of the large Muslim communities found in Southern India, Sri Lanka, Western Burma, Bangladesh, Southern Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia coupled with the distinctive lack of equivalent Muslim communities around the heartland of historical Muslim empires in the Indian subcontinent as a refutation to the "conversion by the sword theory". The Bhadrapad fair is held in the centre of the Ambaji village just outside the temple premises. [139], Gujarat records highest decadal agricultural growth rate of 10.97%. Monday, Wednesday, Friday & Saturday for 14322, Friday, Saturday, Monday for 14311. Altogether, about fifty Indus Valley settlement ruins have been discovered in Gujarat.[31]. The police personnel who are responsible for flogging are bound by the Code of Criminal Procedure and have no right to physically hit or intimidate anyone, stated the notice. Reacting over Muslim population growth rate in India, AIMIM chief Asaduddin Owaisi says, "Don't fret, Muslim population is not increasing, it's rather falling Who's using condoms the most? In India also Wali-ul-Hind were appointed by them one after another until Wali-ul-Hind Moulai Qasim Khan bin Hasan (11th and last Wali-ul-Hind, d. 950 AH, Ahmedabad). Bhavai is a folk musical performance of stage plays. [160] Ahmadiyya are estimated to be from 60,000 to 1million in India. [83] The fresh elections were held in June 1975. Ahmedabad, the capital of province, fell to the Marathas in 1752. As per the census of 2011, the state has a sex ratio of 918 females for every 1000 males, one of the lowest (ranked 24) among the 29 states in India. Samples of land from each village are taken and analysed by the Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertiliser Corporation, State Fertiliser Corporation and Indian Farmers Fertilisers Co-operative. The state has an agricultural economy; the total crop area amounts to more than one-half of the total land area.[163]. In fact, the Portuguese take and learn more from them than they from the Portuguese. The walk from the bus station to the temple is less than one kilometre, under a roofed walkway. However, some Indian Muslims were found with detectable, traceable, minor to some levels of gene flow from outside, primarily from the Middle East and Central Asia. [94][95][96][97][98][99][100] However, Special Investigation Team (SIT) appointed by the Supreme Court of India, rejected claims that the state government had not done enough to prevent the riots. Muslims in Gujarat have no option but to head to a ghetto, irrespective of their economic and professional status. The largest concentration about 47% of all Muslims in India, live in the three states of Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, and Bihar. [128][129] In the 19th century the Deobandi, a revivalist movement in Sunni Islam was established in India. [163], The religious administration of each state is headed by the Mufti of the State under the supervision of the Grand Mufti of India, the most senior, most influential religious authority and spiritual leader of Muslims in India. In 1819, Sahajanand Swami established the World's First Swaminarayan Mandir in Kalupur, Ahmedabad. The Arab rulers tried to expand their Empire in the 8th century and invaded Gujarat but the Arab invaders were defeated by the Chalukya general Pulakeshin. Though officially classified as a communalist riot, the events of 2002 have been described as a pogrom by many scholars. Apart from the cool mornings of the "winter" season from December to February, temperatures are very warm to sweltering throughout the year, which further reduces the effectiveness of the erratic monsoonal rainfall. Kalol, Khambhat, and Ankleshwar are today known for their oil and natural gas production. Weather-beaten rock at Junagadh gives a glimpse of the Ruler Rudradaman I (100 CE) of the Saka satraps known as Western Satraps, or Kshatraps. [154], As of April 2022, the peak power requirement of state is 20,277 MW. [181][182][183], India's Constitution and Parliament have protected the rights of Muslims but, according to some sources,[184][185][186] there has been a growth in a 'climate of fear' and 'targeting of dissenters' under the Bharatiya Janata Party and Modi ministry, affecting the feelings of security and tolerance amongst Indian Muslims. The government of India subsidises the cost of the airfare for Hajj pilgrims. George Saliba in his book "Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance", writes that "some major Sanskrit texts began to be translated during the reign of the second Abbasid caliph al-Mansur (r. 754775), if not before; some texts on logic even before that, and it has been generally accepted that the Persian and Sanskrit texts, few as they were, were indeed the first to be translated. Many of these "foreign merchants" were transient visitors, men of South Arabian and Persian Gulf ports, who migrated in and out of Cambay with the rhythm of the monsoons. The literacy rate of Tripura in 2011 was 87.75%, higher than the national average 74.04%, and third best among all the states. Other major food crops produced are rice, wheat, jowar, bajra, maize, tur, and gram. Gujarat is a state with surplus electricity. Mahakshatrap Rudradaman I founded the Kardamaka dynasty which ruled from Anupa on the banks of the Narmada up to the Aparanta region bordering Punjab. .mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}. [121][122], According to 2011 census, the religious makeup in Gujarat was 88.6% Hindu, 9.7% Muslim, 1.0% Jain, 0.5% Christian, 0.1% Sikh, 0.05% Buddhist and 0.03% others. The riots broke out across Gujarat in September to October 1969, resulting in large number of casualties and damage to properties. Another policeman is seen hitting them below the waist with a baton. [172], The Government of Gujarat, to improve soil management and introduce farmers to new technology, started on a project which involved giving every farmer a Soil Health Card. This acts like a ration card, providing permanent identification for the status of cultivated land, as well as farmers' names, account numbers, survey numbers, soil fertility status and general fertiliser dose. population S. R. Rao (1985). Mofussil Services connects major cities, smaller towns and villages within Gujarat. Chimanbhai Patel opposed Oza and became chief minister in 1972. The Chaulukya dynasty[note 1][42] ruled Gujarat from c. 960 to 1243. James, Tr. The alleged stone-pelting incident does not justify the public flogging by the police personnel to quell the 'hurt sentiments' of the majority population of the village, it said. The three major Indian dynasties the northwestern Indian Gurjara-Pratihara Dynasty, the southern Indian Rashtrakuta Dynasty and the eastern Indian Pala Empire dominated India from the 8th to 10th centuries. Prime Minister Modi is scheduled to visit the Mangarh Dham in Rajasthan's Banswara district on November 1. Gol Gumbaz at Bijapur, Karnataka, has the second largest pre-modern dome in the world after the Byzantine Hagia Sophia. [84] Later Congress won elections in December 1976 and Madhav Singh Solanki became Chief Minister. Caravanserai [210] Gujarat government collected the Best State Award for 'Citizen Security' by IBN7 Diamond States on 24 December 2012. (Photo: 1885), The Asafi Mosque within the Asafi Imambargah Complex at Lucknow, Gole-Gumma, Mousoleum of Nawab Wahab Khan, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, Charminar, the most famous of the monuments of Hyderabad, Jama Masjid, Delhi, one of the largest mosques in India. Kosovo The vast majority of the Roma population in Kosovo is Muslim. The four major regions of Gujarat all bring their own styles to Gujarati food. No large population movements were contemplated; the plan called for safeguards for minorities on both sides of the new border. Muslims in India are governed by "The Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937. The Arab rulers of Sindh sacked Vallabhi in 770, bringing the Maitraka dynasty to an end. Zafar Saifullah was Cabinet Secretary of the Government of India from 1993 to 1994. I have never seen men of wit so fine and polished as are these Indians: they have nothing barbarous or savage about them, as we are apt to suppose. By 2022 approx 20 crores of people are Muslims In India. (trans John Dryden and revised Arthur Hugh Clough) The Modern Library (Random House Inc). [53][79] Gujaratis, including Hindus and Muslims as well as the enterprising Parsi class of Zoroastrians, had been specialising in the organisation of overseas trade for many centuries, and had moved into various branches of commerce such as commodity trade, brokerage, money-changing, money-lending and banking.